Space exploration is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space. Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft. While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history, it was the development of large liquid-fueled rocket engines during the early 20th century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality. Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries. Various criticisms of space exploration are sometimes made.

Space exploration has often been used as a proxy competition for geopolitical rivalries such as the Cold War. The early era of space exploration was driven by a "Space Race" between the Soviet Union and the United States; the launch of the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the USSR's Sputnik 1, on October 4, 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on July 20, 1969 are often taken as the boundaries for this initial period. The Soviet space program achieved many of the first milestones, including the first living being in orbit in 1957, the first human spaceflight (Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1) in 1961, the first spacewalk (by Aleksei Leonov) in 1965, the first automatic landing on another celestial body in 1966, and the launch of the first space station (Salyut 1) in 1971.

After the first 20 years of exploration, focus shifted from one-off flights to renewable hardware, such as the Space Shuttle program, and from competition to cooperation as with the International Space Station.

From the 1990s onwards, private interests began promoting space tourism and then private space exploration of the Moon (see GLXP).

In the 2000s, China initiated a successful manned spaceflight program, while the European Union, Japan, and India have also planned future manned space missions. The United States has committed to return to the Moon by 2018 and later Mars. China, Russia, Japan, and India have advocated manned missions to the Moon during the 21st century, while the European Union has advocated manned missions to both the Moon and Mars during the 21st century.

From Wikipedia under the GNU Free Documentation License
Tue Jul 27 09:28:49 2010

What are several benefits gained from past space exploration?
Q. This is a question I have been asked by an Earth Science teacher on homework... Please help. Here is the exact question. "Space exploration has provided us with a variety of new technologies that have had a large impact on life here on Earth. Describe several benefits gained from past space exploration."
Asked by robertlc1993 - Fri Apr 24 14:08:31 2009 - - 3 Answers - 0 Comments

A. tang
Answered by erich101772 - Fri Apr 24 14:17:23 2009

What People would you need to be on a space exploration mission?
Q. I'm trying to get a list of people that you would need to go on a fictional space exploration project.
Asked by fresnoca2002 - Sat Jun 17 16:57:58 2006 - - 14 Answers - 0 Comments

A. A good Pilot
Answered by ellysium06 - Sat Jun 17 17:13:55 2006

What does space exploration have in benefit for the United States?
Q. So what does space exploration, or more specifically NASA, yield to the United States? like what specifics, not like inspiration for children, but like concrete stuff like technological advances. I'm looking for some more benefits. Thanks
Asked by Jillin G - Mon May 17 01:47:30 2010 - - 5 Answers - 0 Comments

A. Though the advantages of orbital satellites are quite obvious (weather, telecommunications and navigation to name a few), deep space probes operate for pure science. Though there may be spin offs of technology utilized to combat adversarial conditions, these are unintended consequences and quite rare. Again: The purpose of deep space probes is science and science alone. As with all science, however, it can take decades (if not centuries) for such pure data to manifest itself in practical applications for the general public. Research, of course, is done for the benefit of not knowing something and wishing to correct that issue. Though it may seem flippant, the understanding of geology or climatology on another planet may improve the… [cont.]
Answered by Emperor Khaldeesh Riesstiu IV the Second - Mon May 17 02:36:34 2010

From Yahoo Answer Search: "Space exploration"
Wed Jul 28 16:00:20 2010

From Wikiquote under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Wed Jan 6 08:34:30 2010

See also:

  • Usenet Space ArchiveUsenet Space Archive
    yarchive.net
    Large collection of Google group postings on all aspects of space exploration and development.
  • International Space Business CouncilInternational Space Business Council
    spacebusiness.com
    Maryland research and consulting group focusing on the business of the satellite and space market. Publishes the quarterly magazine, Quest: The History of Spaceflight.
  • NASA Skywatch Sightings CalculatorNASA Skywatch Sightings Calculator
    spaceflight.nasa.gov
    A Java applet that will calculate when spacecraft will be visible in the night sky over the viewer's own location.
Custom search only Space exploration sites:

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Tue Jul 27 12:53:10 2010
NASA Sets Three New Technology Prizes - Aviation Week
aviationweek.com
NASA Sets Three New Technology Prizes - Aviation Week
Wed, 14 Jul 2010 21:17:20 GMT+00:00
Aviation Week ... chance to win a total of $5 million in federal prize money designed to advance technology with applications in space exploration and other applications. ... NASA Announces Space Invention Awards InformationWeek NASA Announces Three New Centennial Challenges PR Newswire (press release)
Senate panel sets NASA on course to asteroids - The Associated Press
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Senate panel sets NASA on course to asteroids - The Associated Press
Thu, 15 Jul 2010 22:01:51 GMT+00:00
The Associated Press "The goal was to preserve US leadership in space exploration and keep as much of the rocket industry talent as possible employed," said Sen. ...
Falcon 9 Hardware Arrives at the Cape [Florida Today] - Space News
spacenews.com
Falcon 9 Hardware Arrives at the Cape [Florida Today] - Space News
Mon, 19 Jul 2010 15:34:31 GMT+00:00
Space News According to Florida Today, Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) has delivered the first stage of its second Falcon 9 medium-lift rocket to Cape ...

From Google News Search: "Space exploration"
Tue Jul 27 09:28:51 2010

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From Yahoo Image Search: "Space exploration"
Tue Jul 27 09:28:51 2010

Marginal Revolution: The History and Future of Private Space ...
marginalrevolution.com
Marginal Revolution: The History and Future of Private Space ...

Alex Tabarrok

hu, 22 Jul 2010 11:35:00 GM

For the majority of its history, . space exploration. in America has been funded privately. The trend of wealthy individuals, such as Paul Allen, Jeff Bezos, Robert Bigelow, and Elon Musk, devoting some of their resources to the ...

Briefs: Privately funded space exploration since 1800s; Horizons ...
portaltotheuniverse.org
Briefs: Privately funded space exploration since 1800s; Horizons ...

unknown

Sun, 25 Jul 2010 04:52:54 GM

Briefs: Privately funded . space exploration. since 1800s; Horizons - Summer issue. (200 words excerpt, click title or image to see full post). Jon Goff points to the following paper, which argues that privately funded astronomical ...

Important Daily News You Need to Know, Today's Issue: Space ...
economyincrisis.org
Important Daily News You Need to Know, Today's Issue: Space ...

Craig Harrington

Fri, 23 Jul 2010 19:18:56 GM

When President Obama declared an end to the Constellation program in February 2010 many in the . space. community were upset that the government was giving up on . space. . The White House however stressed that it was not giving up on . space. , ...

From Google Blog Search: "Space exploration"
Wed Jul 28 11:36:36 2010