Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov (Russian Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of three (or four including Rusyn) living members of the East Slavic languages. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are: Алексе́й Архи́пович Лео́нов; born May 30, 1934, in Listvyanka, Kemerovo Oblast Kemerovo Oblast , often called Kuzbass (Кузба́сс) after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in south-western Siberia, where the West-Siberian Plain meets the South Siberian mountains. The oblast, which covers an area of 95,500 square kilometers (36,872.8 sq mi), shares a border with Tomsk Oblast in the, Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. The name is a translation of the Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик (help·info), tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, IPA [sɐˈjʊs sɐˈvʲeʦkʲɪx səʦɪ) is a retired Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. The name is a translation of the Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик (help·info), tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, IPA [sɐˈjʊs sɐˈvʲeʦkʲɪx səʦɪ/Russian Russia (pronounced /ˈrʌʃə/ ; Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya, pronounced [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, pronounced [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈraʦəjə] ( listen)), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, cosmonaut An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. While generally reserved for professional space travelers, the term is sometimes applied to anyone who travels into space, including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists and Air Force The Soviet Air Force, officially known in Russian as Военно-воздушные силы or Voenno-Vozdushnye Sily (literally, "Military Air Forces") and often abbreviated VVS (ВВС in Cyrillic) was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces General A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given who, on March 18, 1965, became the first human to conduct a space walk Extra-vehicular activity is work done by an astronaut away from the Earth, and outside of a spacecraft. The term most commonly applies to an EVA made outside a craft orbiting Earth (a spacewalk), but also applies to an EVA made on the surface of the Moon (a moonwalk). In the later lunar landing missions (Apollo 15, 16, and 17) the command module.

Biography

Leonov was one of the twenty air force pilots selected to be part of the first cosmonaut group in 1960. His spacewalk was originally to have taken place on the Vostok The Vostok programme was a Soviet human spaceflight project that succeeded in putting a person into Earth orbit for the first time. The programme developed the Vostok spacecraft from the Zenit spy satellite project and adapted the Vostok rocket from an existing ICBM design. Just before the first release of the name Vostok to the press, it was a 11 mission, but this was cancelled, and the historic event happened on the Voskhod 2 Voskhod 2 was a Soviet manned space mission in March 1965. Two crewmembers were launched in the Vostok-based Voskhod 3KD spacecraft, which was equipped with an inflatable airlock. It established another space milestone when one of the cosmonauts on board became the first person to "walk in space" flight instead. He was outside the spacecraft for 12 minutes and nine seconds on March 18, 1965, connected to the craft by a 5.35 meter tether. At the end of the spacewalk, Leonov's spacesuit had inflated in the vacuum of space to the point where he could not re-enter the airlock. He opened a valve to allow some of the suit's pressure to bleed off, and was barely able to get back inside the capsule. Leonov had spent some eighteen months undergoing intense weightlessness Weightlessness is a phenomenon experienced by people during free-fall. The term zero gravity is often used as a synonym. Weightlessness in orbit is not the result of the force of gravity being eliminated, or even significantly reduced, by distance . Rather, the loss of the influence of gravity is due to the inertial motion of the flight path training for the mission.

In 1968, Leonov was selected to be commander of a circumlunar Soyuz Soyuz ; English: Union) is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolyov Design Bureau. The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraft and was originally built as part of the Soviet Manned Lunar program flight. However as all unmanned test flights of this project failed, and the Apollo 8 Apollo 8 was the first human spaceflight mission to leave Earth orbit; the first to be captured by and escape from the gravitational field of another celestial body; and the first crewed voyage to return to planet Earth from another celestial body – Earth's Moon. The three-man American crew of mission Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot mission already gave that point in the Space Race The Space Race was a mid-to-late twentieth century competition between the Soviet Union and the United States (USA) for supremacy in outer space exploration. The term refers to a specific period in human history, 1957-1975, and does not include subsequent efforts by these or other nations to explore space. The race was both ideological and to the USA, the flight was canceled. He was also selected to be the first Soviet person to land on the Moon, aboard the LOK The Soyuz 7K-L3[citation needed] LOK was designed to launch men from Earth to circle the moon and developed in parallel to the 7K-L1. The LOK -Lunniy Orbitalny Korabl would carry two cosmonauts into orbit around the Moon, acting as "mother" spacecraft for the LK Lander, which would land one member of the crew to the surface/N1 N1 or N-1 or 11A52 was a secret Soviet rocket intended to send Soviet cosmonauts to the Moon. It is also known in the West as the G-1e or SL-15. The Soviet classified technical name N1 was an abbreviation from the Russian word носитель (nositel', "carrier"). 11A52 was an alphanumeric designation for the N1 on its design and spacecraft. This project was also canceled. (Incidentally, the design required a risky spacewalk between lunar vehicles, something that contributed to his selection). Leonov was to have been commander of the ill-fated 1971 Soyuz 11 Soyuz 11 was the first successful visit to the world's first space station, Salyut 1. However the mission ended in disaster when the crew capsule depressurised during preparations for re-entry, killing the three-man crew. This accident resulted in the only deaths to occur in space (as opposed to high atmosphere). The crew members aboard Soyuz 11 mission to Salyut 1 Salyut 1 (Russian: Салют-1; English translation: Salute 1) was the first space station of any kind, launched by the USSR on April 19, 1971. It was launched unmanned using a Proton-K rocket. Its first crew came later in Soyuz 10, but was unable to dock completely; its second crew launched in Soyuz 11 and remained on board for 23 days. However,, the first manned space station, but his crew was replaced with the backup after Cosmonaut Valery Kubasov Valeri Nikolayevich Kubasov was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on two missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 19 (the Apollo-Soyuz mission), and commanded Soyuz 36 in the Intercosmos programme. He was also involved in the development of the Mir space station. He retired from the Soviet space program in March 1993 was suspected to have tuberculosis Tuberculosis or TB is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air, when people who have the disease cough, sneeze, or spit. Most infections in.

Leonov was to have commanded the next mission to Salyut 1, but this was scrapped after the deaths of the Soyuz 11 crew members, and the space station was lost. The next two Salyuts (actually the military Almaz The Almaz program was a series of military space stations (or "Orbital Piloted Station" - OPS) launched by the Soviet Union under cover of the civilian Salyut DOS-17K (Durable Orbital Station) program after 1971 station) were lost at launch or failed soon after, and Leonov's crew stood by. By the time Salyut 4 Salyut 4 (Russian: Салют-4; English translation: Salute 4) was a Salyut space station launched on December 26, 1974 into an orbit with an apogee of 355 km, a perigee of 343 km and an orbital inclination of 51.6 degrees. It was essentially a copy of the DOS 3, and unlike its ill-fated sibling it was a complete success. Three crews attempted to reached orbit Leonov had been switched to a more prestigious project.

Leonov's second trip into space was similarly significant—he commanded the Soviet side of the Apollo-Soyuz The Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (Russian: Экспериментальный полёт «Союз» — «Аполлон») (Eksperimantalniy polyot Soyuz-Apollon) flew in July 1975. It was the last Apollo mission, the first joint U.S./Soviet space flight, and the last manned US space mission until the first Space Shuttle flight in April 1981 mission, Soyuz 19 The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (Russian: Экспериментальный полёт «Аполлон» — «Союз») (Eksperimantalniy polyot Apollon-Soyuz) was the last mission in the Apollo program and was the first joint flight of the U.S. and Soviet space programs. The mission took place in July 1975. For the United States of America, it, the first joint space mission between the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. The name is a translation of the Russian: Союз Советских Социалистических Республик (help·info), tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, IPA [sɐˈjʊs sɐˈvʲeʦkʲɪx səʦɪ and the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language.

From 1976 to 1982, Leonov was the commander of the cosmonaut team ("Chief Cosmonaut"), and deputy director of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center The Yu.A.Gagarin State Scientific Research-and-Testing Cosmonaut Training Center (Russian: Российский Государственный Научно-Исследовательский Испытательный Центр Подготовки Космонавтов (РГНИИЦПК) им. Ю. А. Гагарина, Rossiyskiy Gosudarstvenny, where he oversaw crew training. He also edited the cosmonaut newsletter "Neptune". He retired in 1991.

Leonov is an accomplished artist whose published books include albums of his artistic works and works he did in collaboration with his friend Andrei Sokolov. Leonov has taken colored pencils and paper into space, where he has sketched the Earth and drawn portraits of the Apollo astronauts who flew with him during the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (Russian: Экспериментальный полёт «Союз» — «Аполлон») (Eksperimantalniy polyot Soyuz-Apollon) flew in July 1975. It was the last Apollo mission, the first joint U.S./Soviet space flight, and the last manned US space mission until the first Space Shuttle flight in April 1981.^[1] Arthur C. Clarke Sri Lankabhimanya Sir Arthur Charles Clarke, CBE, FRAS was a British science fiction author, inventor, and futurist, most famous for the novel 2001: A Space Odyssey, written in parallel of the script for the eponymous film, co-written with film-director Stanley Kubrick; and as a host and commentator in the British television series Mysterious writes in his note to 2010: Odyssey Two 2010: Odyssey Two is a best-selling science fiction novel by Arthur C. Clarke, which was published in January 1982. It is the sequel to 2001: A Space Odyssey and was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1983. The novel was adapted for the screen and released as a film in 1984 that, after a 1968 screening of 2001: A Space Odyssey 2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 science fiction film directed by Stanley Kubrick released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and written by Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke. The film deals with thematic elements of human evolution, technology, artificial intelligence, and extraterrestrial life, and is notable for its scientific realism, pioneering special effects,, Leonov pointed out to him that the alignment of the Moon, Earth, and Sun shown in the opening is essentially the same as that in Leonov's 1967 painting Near the Moon, although the painting's diagonal framing of the scene was not replicated in the film. Clarke kept the autographed sketch of this painting, which Leonov made after the screening, hanging on his office wall.^[2]

In 2001, he was a vice president of Moscow-based Alfa Bank Alfa Bank, the corporate treasury of the Alfa Group, is the largest private commercial bank in Russia. Its headquarters are in Moscow, Kalanchevskaya street. Today it is a high technological universal financial institution, providing service for more than 1.5 million citizens and 40,000 organizations and an advisor to the first deputy of the Board.^[3]

In 2004, he and former American astronaut David Scott David Randolph Scott , a former NASA astronaut and engineer, was one of the third group of astronauts named by NASA in October 1963. As commander of the Apollo 15 mission, the fourth human lunar landing, he was the seventh person to walk on the Moon and the first person to drive on the Moon. As command module pilot on Apollo 9, David Scott became began work on a dual biography / history of the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union. The book, "Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race" was published in 2006. Neil Armstrong Neil Alden Armstrong is an American aviator and a former astronaut, test pilot, aerospace engineer, university professor, and United States Naval Aviator. He was the first person to set foot on the Moon. His first spaceflight was aboard Gemini 8 in 1966, for which he was the command pilot, becoming the first U.S. civilian to fly in space. On this and Tom Hanks Thomas Jeffrey "Tom" Hanks is an American actor, producer, writer and director. Hanks worked in television and family-friendly comedies before achieving success as a dramatic actor in several notable roles, including Andrew Beckett in Philadelphia, the title role in Forrest Gump, Commander James A. Lovell in Apollo 13, Captain John H both wrote introductions to the book.

Leonov was also a contributor to the 2007 book "Into That Silent Sea Into That Silent Sea: Trailblazers of the Space Era 1961-1965 is a 2007 non-fiction book by space historians Francis French and Colin Burgess. Drawing on a number of original personal interviews with astronauts, cosmonauts and those who worked closely with them, the book chronicles the American and Russian programs from 1961 onwards, from the" by Colin Burgess Colin Burgess is an Australian author and historian, specializing in space flight and military history. He is a former customer service manager for Qantas Airways, and a regular contributor to the collectSPACE online community. He lives in New South Wales. Two of Burgess's co-authored 2007 books, Into That Silent Sea: Trailblazers of the Space Era, and Francis French Francis French is a book and magazine author from Manchester, England, specializing in space flight history. He is a former director of events for Sally Ride Science, and a director at the San Diego Air & Space Museum. He lives in Oceanside, California, which describes his life and space career.

Trivia

• Arthur C. Clarke Sri Lankabhimanya Sir Arthur Charles Clarke, CBE, FRAS was a British science fiction author, inventor, and futurist, most famous for the novel 2001: A Space Odyssey, written in parallel of the script for the eponymous film, co-written with film-director Stanley Kubrick; and as a host and commentator in the British television series Mysterious's book 2010: Odyssey Two 2010: Odyssey Two is a best-selling science fiction novel by Arthur C. Clarke, which was published in January 1982. It is the sequel to 2001: A Space Odyssey and was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1983. The novel was adapted for the screen and released as a film in 1984 was dedicated to Leonov and Andrei Sakharov Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov was an eminent Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist. Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and reforms in the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975; the fictional spaceship Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov Various fictional spacecraft have appeared in the Space Odyssey series by Arthur C. Clarke. Most prominent is the Discovery One - famously controlled by HAL 9000. The following is a list of craft and space stations depicted in the books and films of the series in the book was named after him.
• Alexey Leonov was decorated twice as the Hero of the Soviet Union The title Hero of the Soviet Union was the highest distinction in the Soviet Union, awarded personally or collectively for heroic feats in service to the Soviet state and society (March 23, 1965 and 1975). He was also awarded the Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin , named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union. The order was awarded, Order of the Red Star Established on 6 April 1930, the Order of the Red Star was an order of the Soviet Union, given to Red Army and Soviet Navy personnel for "exceptional service in the cause of the defense of the Soviet Union in both war and peace". The first recipient was Vasily Blyukher in September 1930, numerous medals and foreign orders. He bears the title of the Hero of Socialist Labor of Bulgaria and Hero of Vietnam.
• Leonov wore a Russian Poljot Poljot , a brand of watches from Russia produced since 1964 by the First Moscow Watch Factory. It produce many historical watches used in many important space missions including world's first space watch worn by Yuri Gagarin FMWF Strela (transliteration of СТРЕЛА, which actually means "Arrow") chronograph during his historic first space walk.
• At an ASTP press conference, Leonov stated (in English) that, while in the United States for ASTP training, he wanted to visit Hollywood Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California - situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym of American cinema, and is often interchangeably used to refer to the greater Los, because he had aspirations of being a movie star An actor or actress is a person who acts in a dramatic production and who works in film, television, theatre, or radio in that capacity. The ancient Greek word for an "actor," ὑποκριτής (hypokrites), means literally "one who interprets"; in this sense, an actor is one who interprets a dramatic character. (He then joked, "I don't want [to be a movie star]... Tom Stafford want!")
• Alexey Leonov along with Rusty Schweickart, Vitaly Sevastyanov and Georgi Grechko established the Association of Space Explorers in 1984. Membership is open to all individuals who have flown in space.

Stamps

1965

• Alexey Leonov on Soviet Union 1965 Stamp 10 kopeks
• Soviet Union 1965, 6 kopeks
• Soviet Union 1965 with Pavel Belyayev
• Albania 1965 twice 6 and 20, with Pavel Belyayev
• Albania 1965
• Bulgaria 1965 with Pavel Belyayev
• Bulgaria 1965 twice 2 (with Pavel Belyayev) and 20 st
• Cuba 1965, twice
• Czechoslovakia 1965 (twice):
• DDR 1965
• DDR 1965
• Hungary 1965
• Togo 1965
• Vietnam 1965

1966

• Bulgaria 1966 13 st, with Pavel Belyayev
• Ecuador 1966
• Mali 1966, twice
• Mauretania 1966, 200f
• Niger 1966

1967

• Soviet Union 1967 with Andrew Sokolov, series of three stamps, dedicated to the Day of Cosmonautics (Soviet Union stamp catalogue #3476-3478) was carried out in March 1967
• Soviet Union 1967 with Andrew Sokolov, series of five stamps called "Space Fiction" (Soviet Union stamp catalogue #3545-3549) saw the light in October 1967

1969:

• Mongolia 1969

1972

• Soviet Union 1972 with Andrew Sokolov, series of six stamps, dedicated to the 15 th anniversary of the space age (Soviet Union stamp catalogue #4162-4167) was out.

Notes

1. ^ "Alexei Leonov: winner of the 2005 IAAA Lucien Rudaux Memorial Award". http://www.iaaa.org/gallery/rudaux/. Retrieved 2007-07-02.
2. ^ Clarke, 2010: Odyssey Two, Author's Note, pp. xvii-xviii. Clarke describes the painting itself on page 76. (ISBN 0345413970)
3. ^ "Aleksei Leonov and Alexander Gafin become members of the American Pushkin Academy of Art". 2001-02-23. http://www.alfa-bank.com/media/news/2001/02/23/. Retrieved 2007-07-08.

References

• Leonov, Aleksei Arkhipovich; Sokolov, Andrei Konstantinovich (1967). Zhdite nas, zvezdy: the stars are awaiting us. Moskva: Mol. Gvardiia. (Russian) (English) [1] [2]

Russian title: Ждите Нас, Звезды.

Text and captions in Russian and English; table of contents is in English.

Album of space art.

• Scott, David; Alexei Leonov (2006). Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race. with Christine Toomey. St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0312308663.

External links

• A video of his spacewalk
• The Voskhod 2 mission revisited
• Science fiction art by Leonov and Sokolov. Extensive gallery, with annotation. (Russian)
• "I could see Armstrong bouncing on the moon" – Alexey Leonov

Categories: 1934 births | Living people | People from Kemerovo Oblast | 1965 in space exploration | Soviet cosmonauts | Russian cosmonauts | Russian explorers | Soviet Air Force generals | Soviet painters | Space art | Heroes of Socialist Labor | Heroes of the Soviet Union | Double Heroes of the Soviet Union | Russian painters | Russian artists

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